How can the total resistance in a series circuit be calculated?

In a series circuit, the total resistance is determined by summing all individual resistances. This is because, in a series configuration, the current flowing through each resistor is the same, while the voltage across each resistor can vary depending on its resistance. The concept can be understood through Ohm's Law, which states that the total voltage in the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each individual resistor.

When resistors are placed in series, their resistance values effectively "add up." For example, if you have three resistors with values of R1, R2, and R3, the total resistance (R_total) in the circuit can be calculated using the formula:

R_total = R1 + R2 + R3.

This principle is fundamental in circuit analysis and allows for the predictable behavior of circuits comprised of multiple resistors connected in series.