How do synchronous generators differ from asynchronous generators?

Synchronous generators are characterized by their ability to operate in sync with the grid frequency. This means that the rotor of the synchronous generator rotates at a speed that is directly proportional to the frequency of the electrical grid to which it is connected. The synchronous speed is determined by the number of poles in the generator and the frequency of the alternating current (AC) power supply. By maintaining synchronization, these generators can provide stable and consistent power to the grid, ensuring that the voltage and frequency of the generated electricity match those of the electrical network.

In contrast, asynchronous generators, often referred to as induction generators, do not maintain frequency synchronization with the grid. They can slip in terms of speed compared to the grid frequency, allowing them to operate below synchronous speed. This fundamental difference allows synchronous generators to be more reliable in maintaining output quality and grid stability, especially in large-scale power systems.

Synchronous generators' ability to produce power while being directly tied to grid frequency makes them ideal for balancing load requirements, contributing to overall system reliability. This operational characteristic is critical for maintaining consistent electricity supply in various applications, including commercial and industrial settings.