How does AC differ from DC in electrical terms?

The distinction between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) is fundamentally based on the direction of the flow of electric charge. AC is defined by its periodic change in direction, meaning that the current flows back and forth, which is representative of the sinusoidal waveforms often seen in alternating current systems. This characteristic allows AC to be efficiently transmitted over long distances, as voltage can be easily stepped up or down using transformers.

Conversely, DC flows in a constant direction, maintaining a steady voltage. It is commonly associated with battery-powered devices, where the current moves from the negative terminal to the positive terminal without reversing.

This understanding is crucial in distinguishing applications suited for each type of current. AC is predominantly used for household power outlets and large-scale electrical grids, while DC is found in batteries and some electronic circuits. Recognizing these foundational differences between AC and DC is essential for understanding how various electrical systems operate and are utilized in practice.