What is a common use of a transformer in electrical systems?

Transformers play a crucial role in electrical systems primarily by stepping up or stepping down voltage levels. This function is essential for the efficient transmission and distribution of electrical power. When electricity is generated at power plants, it is often at a low voltage; however, for long-distance transmission, the voltage needs to be increased to reduce energy losses associated with the current flowing through the transmission lines. This process is accomplished by a step-up transformer.

Conversely, when electricity reaches its destination, such as homes or businesses, it needs to be reduced to a lower voltage level that is safe and usable. This is achieved using a step-down transformer. By effectively altering voltage levels, transformers enable the safe and efficient delivery of electricity over long distances while minimizing losses. This makes their usage fundamental in power distribution networks, ensuring that power can be transmitted over vast distances and then appropriately delivered for consumer use.