What is the main purpose of a transformer in an electric system?

The primary function of a transformer in an electric system is to step up or step down voltage levels. This is crucial in electrical power distribution, as transformers enable the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances. By increasing voltage (stepping up), transformers reduce current, which helps minimize energy losses due to resistance in the transmission lines. Conversely, stepping down voltage is necessary before distribution to homes and businesses to ensure safety and compatibility with standard electrical devices.

Transformers achieve this voltage conversion through electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current (AC) in one coil creates a magnetic field that induces a current in another coil. This process allows transformers to efficiently manage voltage levels within the electrical grid, ensuring that electricity can be transmitted over long distances without significant energy loss while maintaining appropriate voltage for end users.