What is the primary function of a neutral wire in electrical systems?

The primary function of a neutral wire in electrical systems is to provide a return path for current. In a typical electrical system, current flows from the power source through the hot wire to the load (such as an appliance). After passing through the load, the current needs a pathway back to the source to complete the circuit. The neutral wire fulfills this role by safely carrying the return current back to the electrical panel and ultimately to the transformer or power supply. This function is crucial for ensuring that the circuit operates properly and safely.

The neutral wire is usually grounded at the electrical panel, which helps to stabilize the voltage levels and provides an additional safety mechanism, but its primary role remains as a return path for current. Understanding this function is essential when working with or designing electrical systems, as it ensures proper operation and safety.