What is the primary purpose of a substation in an electric system?

The primary purpose of a substation in an electric system is to convert high voltage electricity for distribution. Substations play a critical role in the electrical grid by stepping down the voltage levels for safe and efficient distribution to residential and commercial consumers. They are equipped with transformers that adjust the voltage from high levels, typically used in transmission lines, to lower levels suitable for use in homes and businesses.

This conversion process is essential because electricity travels over long distances at high voltages to minimize losses; however, such high voltages are not suitable for direct consumption by end users. Thus, substations ensure that the electricity transmitted over vast networks can be transformed into voltages that appliances and devices can safely utilize, facilitating the overall distribution network.