What is the primary purpose of an electric transformer?

The primary purpose of an electric transformer is to change the voltage level of electric power. Transformers are essential components in electrical systems, primarily used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage of alternating current (AC) in power transmission. This ability to change voltage levels allows for the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances, reducing energy loss due to heat in the conductors.

When electricity is transmitted at high voltages, the current flowing through the lines decreases, which minimizes resistive losses. At the destination, transformers are used to lower the voltage to safer, usable levels for residential or industrial use. Therefore, the function of a transformer is critical in enabling the effective distribution of electrical energy while safeguarding system integrity and performance.