What is the role of energy storage systems in electrical systems?

Energy storage systems play a crucial role in electrical systems primarily by storing electricity for later use. This capability allows for the balancing of supply and demand, particularly in systems with variable and intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind. When generation exceeds demand, energy storage systems can capture and hold excess electricity, which can then be released back into the system when demand increases or generation decreases. This flexibility helps maintain grid stability and reliability.

Storing electricity also enables more efficient use of renewable energy, as it allows energy produced during peak generation times to be utilized when consumption is higher, rather than being wasted. This function is essential in developing sustainable energy systems and optimizing the overall efficiency of electrical grids.

The other options touch on aspects that may relate to energy storage but do not encapsulate its primary role. For instance, while energy storage can contribute to cost reductions in the long term or facilitate the integration of renewable energy, these are secondary benefits rather than the primary function. Additionally, energy storage does not eliminate the need for transmission lines; rather, it complements them by allowing for better management of energy flow within the existing infrastructure.